Serum Calcium and HbA1c Levels in Sudanese Patients with Type II Diabetes mellitus: is there any correlation?

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doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i4.2339

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Serum Calcium and HbA1c Levels in Sudanese Patients with Type II Diabetes mellitus: is there any correlation?

Ibrahim Abdelrhim Ali, Alia Ahmed Haroun,Muaath Ahmed Mohammed

1,2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, the National Ribat University,Khartoum,Sudan. . 3Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,Ibnsina University, Khartoum, Sudan.

Corresponding author: mwawssi0@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: By influencing the production and release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells, calcium ions have a significant impact on glycemic control. Calculating calcium levels is crucial for tracking insulin secretion because hypocalcaemia in non-diabetic individuals is linked to impaired insulin release. The purpose of this study was to measure serum calcium levels and compares them to HbA1c levels in Sudanese patients with type II diabetes who reside in Khartoum State.

Methods: At the Al-Amal Diabetes Center, 60 Sudanese patients with type II diabetes were the subjects of a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted between March and June 2021. Demographic information, the length of diabetes, the kind of treatment, and co-morbidity were all covered by a standard questionnaire. Using the Mindray B 300 device, the HbA1c and serum Ca2+ were measured. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data.

Results: The participants’ mean age was 56.8±13 years. Of the participants, two thirds are men. The average duration of diabetes was 12.0±8.8 years. The results showed that the mean HbA1c was 8.2± 2.5 % and the mean serum Ca2+ was 8.5± 0.4 mg/dl.   HbA1c and serum Ca2+ did not show any discernible correlation (r = 0.104 and P = 0.429). Serum Ca2+ levels did not significantly correlate with the participants’ ages or the length of time they had diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that neither the duration of the DM nor the HbA1c were significantly correlated with the serum Ca2+ level. These results need to be confirmed by a more extensive investigation.

Keywords: Type II, Diabetes Mellitus, DM, correlation, Serum Calcium, HbA1c.

 Spread of Hepatitis A and B among Inmates of Correctional Centers: A cause for concern

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doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i4.2340

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 Spread of Hepatitis A and B among Inmates of Correctional Centers: A cause for concern

Okafor, Ifeyinwa  M.,  Okoroiwu Henshaw U., Ogar Chrisopher O. and Esong, Aniekan Aniekan

1Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Corresponding author:  Okafor, Ifeyinwa M.   Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, Faculty of Medical Lab. Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

Email address  okaforify12@gmail.com ; okaforify@unical.edu.ng 

Phone Number:  +2348080680620

Abstract

Introduction

Correctional centers have populations with higher rates of blood borne infections, including hepatitis B Virus, due to the concentration of impoverished and vulnerable groups of people at increased risk in these settings, such as people who inject drugs and people who exchange sex for drugs or money. Many people who are incarcerated also have risk factors for hepatitis A virus infection mainly due to the environment of closed penal institutions and socioeconomic conditions.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate HAV and HBV virus status among inmates of  a correctional center in Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria..

Method

A total of one hundred inmates with the mean age of 35 years participated in the study. their serum samples were tested for HAV and HBsAg antibody using one step Anti-HAV and Anti-HBV test strips.

Results

The prevalence of HAV infection among the inmates was found to be 1.00% and 10.0% for HBV. Male prison inmates had seroprevalence of 1.14% for HAV while all the females that participated in the study were non-reactive for hepatitis A virus (0.00% prevalence). The result also showed highest prevalence of 14.28% among inmates aged 40 years and above while the lowest prevalence was observed among those aged below 20years with 4.54% prevalence for HBsAg and highest prevalence was recorded between 20 to 40 years of age for hepatitis A with a prevalence of 1.56%. There was a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between duration of stay in prison, equipment sharing, sexual exposure, multiple partners and Hepatitis B virus infection. Alcoholism was also found to associate significantly with both Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B virus infection.

Conclusion

10.0% prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and 1.0% Hepatitis A virus that were observed among correctional center inmates studied are high and course for concern. Attitude and behaviors by inmates such as tattooing/scarification, injection drugs use, sharing of shaving equipment, multiple sexual partners and alcohol consumption should be discouraged. There is need to promote advocacy programs especially as regards avoiding practices that enhances hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus infection and transmission.

Key Words: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A, Correctional Center, Infectious disease, inmates

Primary plasma cell leukemia discovered during a case of acute anemia following gastrointestinal bleeding

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doi.org/10.59708/ajlhts.v2i4.2341

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Case Study

Primary plasma cell leukemia discovered during a case of acute anemia following gastrointestinal bleeding

Kueviakoe M. D. I., Padaro E., Magnang H., Layibo Y., Mawussi K., Vovor A.

Affiliations

KUEVIAKOE Messanh Délagnon Irénée

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

kueviam@hotmail.com

PADARO Essohana

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

essohanapadaro@gmail.com

MAGNANG Hèzouwè

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

2008magnang@gmail.com

LAYIBO Yao

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

mylayibo@gmail.com

MAWUSSI Koffi

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Kara, Kara, Togo

mawussimeko@gmail.com

VOVOR Ahoefa

Department of Hematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

avovor@yahoo.fr

 

Corresponding author

Messanh D. Irénée KUEVIAKOE: kueviam@hotmail.com

ORCID: 0000-0003-3505-4917

Abstract

Plasma cell leukemia can occur in undiagnosed patients with myeloma. The existence of anemic syndrome with intolerance symptoms following massive gastrointestinal bleeding can mislead the diagnosis. Careful reading of blood smears is essential, especially in regions of the world with a weak technical platform. In this case, abnormal plasma cells were found on the blood smear. The myelogram revealed a bone marrow infiltration by dysmorphic plasma cells. An immunophenotypic analysis discovered circulating plasma cells, which helped to establish the diagnosis. A methodical identification of the etiology of anemia is needed to discover causes of anemia more easily.

Keywords

Leukemia, plasma cell, anemia, blood smear

Intro Pages

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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Prof Teddy Charles Adias

Federal University Otueke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

teddyadias@yahoo.com

DEPUTY EDITORS

General Haematology Section

Prof. Nancy C. Ibeh

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

Thrombosis and Haemostasis Section

Prof. Ifedayo. O. Ajayi

University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

Transfusion Science Section

Prof Josephine Akpotuzor

University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

 

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In-Vitro Assessment of Platelets Survival in Stored Platelet Concentrates in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

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Abdulwaheed Adewale Ademosun, Musa Abidemi Muhibi, Tesleemah Oluwakemi Davies-Folorunso, Olufemi David Olaniyi, Nuryn Abdulganiy, Fatimat Adewumi Adedapo-Ismail,  Yekeen Adebisi Kosamat, And Mathew Folaranmi Olaniyan

AJLHTS: Original Paper  DOI – https://www.ajlhtsonline.org/doi-org-10-59708-ajlhts-v2i3-2317/

Abstract Introduction: Platelets are fragments of megakaryocytes circulating in the blood and its concentrates are therapeutic in substantial bleeding disorders. Efforts to ensure adequate product quality are required due to their short lifespan and lack of robustness. A descriptive longitudinal laboratory-based study was adopted in this study. The study aimed at determining platelets survival in stored platelet concentrates and evaluating thromboxane A2 for platelets function. Materials and Methods: Platelet concentrates were prepared manually using buffy coat, where about 50ml of concentrates suspended in plasma were allowed to rotate and agitate continuously on platelet agitator at room temperature (20-240C). Aliquots of 4ml each was collected serially for 9 days (day 0 to day 8) from 10 different platelet concentrates collected from 7 male blood donors and 3 female blood donors with age (mean± SD: 36 ± 7.14 years), weight (mean± SD: 66.8 ± 6.01kg), height (mean± SD: 163 ± 4.57cm). The samples were analyzed for platelets count, platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR), using Automated Haematology analyzer (Sysmex XP-300) and thromboxane A2 using standard ELISA technique. Data analysis was carried out using mean, standard deviation as descriptive statistics and logistic regression as inferential statistics; and p <0.05 was considered as evidence of statistical significance. Results: Socio-demographic characteristics had no effect on all parameters estimated. There is variation in platelet count and platelet indices values in stored platelet concentrates compared with the baseline values and the survival of platelets in stored platelet concentrates was relatively stable till day 4 after preparation but depreciation surfaced from day 5 to day 8 compared to baseline values. The study also showed that the degree of deterioration of thromboxane A2 was highly significant at day 3 (p<0.05) while the best duration of storage for platelet concentrates in the study area is the first 3 days, though storage up to day 5 is acceptable (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study confirms thromboxane A2 as a marker for platelet functionality. The best duration of storage for platelet concentrates in the study area is the first two (2) days when no significant deterioration was observed. Keywords: Platelet count, Platelets survival, Platelet concentrates, In-vitro assessment, Thromboxane A2.

ABO, Rh Blood Groups and Haemoglobin Genotype Associations with Helicobacter pylori Infection amongst Indigenes of Wiyaakara, Rivers State

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Serekara Gideon Christian & Sophia Agbara

AJLHTS: Original Paper  DOI – https://www.ajlhtsonline.org/doi-org-10-59708-ajlhts-v2i3-2321/

Abstract Introduction: This study aims to determine the association of ABO/ Rh Blood groups and haemoglobin genotype with Helicobacter pylori infection among indigenes of Wiyaakara, Ogoni, Rivers State. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Wiyaakara, Khana Local Government Area in Rivers State to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its association with ABO/Rh blood group and haemoglobin genotype. The study was carried out amongst indigenes of Wiyaakara village in Khana LGA of Rivers State, Nigeria. Wiyaakara is part of Ogoni. Materials and Methods: Determination of ABO/Rh blood group was done using tile method. Haemoglobin genotype was determined using cellulose acetate paper electrophoresis while determination of Helicobacter pylori infection was done using the rapid diagnostic test strip method. Results: Out of 130 participants, 48.5% tested positive for Helicobacter pylori infection. Amongst those that tested positive, 68% were females while 32% were males. In ABO blood grouping, blood group O recorded the highest infectivity rate, followed by blood group A, blood group B and AB. Rh positive individuals recorded high frequency of occurrence than Rh negative. Haemoglobin genotype AA recorded high frequency of occurrence than that of AS. Based on odd ratios, the risk for the studied subjects to be infected with Helicobacter pylori was in the order of B>A>O (odd ratios: A = 1.78, B = 9.01, O = 0.54), considering the fact that AB blood group subjects was negligible due to fewer number of subjects (5). Haemoglobin AS subjects were more prone to having Helicobacter pylori than AA subjects. Conclusion: The study has revealed that blood group B individual are more at risk of being infected with Helicobacter pylori in comparison to other ABO blood groups. Additionally, those with haemoglobin AS genotype were also at risk of being infected with Helicobacter pylori than those with haemoglobin AA genotype.

ABO Red Cell Antigens, von Willebrand Factor, Factor VIII and Platelet counts among Hypertensive Patients In Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna.

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Saeed S. A. Maryam I.R. Udomah F.P. Oduola, T. Alhassan H.M. Ahmad A.E. Muhammad Y. Armiyau A.Y. Aminu Y and Adamu M.B.

AJLHTS: Original Paper  DOI – https://www.ajlhtsonline.org/doi-org-10-59708-ajlhts-v2i3-2322/

Abstract Background: von Willebrand Factor and factor VIII have been implicated in the vulnerability of causing hypertension which is related/common to some of the ABO blood group antigens. However, the precise mechanism/role of the von Willebrand Factor and factor VIII in hypertension is unknown. The study is a comparative study that is aimed to determine the association of ABO red cell antigen, von Willebrand factor, Factor VIII, and Platelets among hypertensive patients in Kaduna, Nigeria. Methods: To determine this association, fifty-five (55) hypertensive patients and 28 controls were recruited. A purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting the study participants. Determination of the ABO blood group, vWF, FVIII, and platelets was carried out to establish the frequency and the association of ABO blood type with hypertension. Results: It was established that blood group O (43%) has the highest distribution followed by A, B, and AB (6%) the least. There was no significant difference in vWF(ng/L), FVIII(pg/ml), and platelet count(109/l) between the patients and the controls (454.9 and 456.2), (242.0 and 228.4) and (238.0 and 213.0) respectively, p>0.05. The correlation studies showed a strong association between vWF and FVIII (r – 0.544, P<0.0001). There was a significant difference between males’ and females’ vWF and FVIII (P=0.0013 and 0.0029 respectively), indicating females had a higher level of vWF and FVIII, and therefore at higher risk of developing hypertension. Women should therefore be screened for these parameters as a matter of routine. Conclusion: The risk of developing hypertension based on the parameters considered in this study is independent of the ABO blood group of an individual. There is a need for further studies, to confirm or rule out these findings.

Frequency of Rh-e Antigen and reference values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Red Cell Indices in an Undergraduate Students’ population in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

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Ransom Baribefii Jacob, Chizarum Boms, Orokwu Eziaku Chukuigwe-Igbere and Nwika, Goodnews Nkabari

AJLHTS: Original Paper  DOI – https://www.ajlhtsonline.org/doi-org-10-59708-ajlhts-v2i3-2327/

Abstract Introduction: Red cell antigens alongside red cell indices provide an essential support to the diagnosis and monitoring of haematological diseases while the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) indicates and monitor an increase in inflammatory activity within the body. This study aims to determine the frequency of Rh-e antigen and reference values of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Red cell indices in an undergraduate student’s population in the Rivers State, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty (150) undergraduate students aged between 17-28years were enrolled in the study and standard venipuncture technique used to collect 5ml of blood. Determination of the Rh-e antigen was carried out using anti-e monoclonal antibodies (Lorne Diagnostics UK), Red cell indices obtained using BC 5000 Mindray Haematology Analyser and ESR by Westergren method. Results: Among the 150 subjects, 130 (86.6%) were positive while 20 (13.3%) were negative for Rh-e antigen. The mean±SD of the mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width co-efficient of variation (RDW-CV), red cell distribution widthstandard deviation (RDW-SD) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were 83.12 ± 10.74, 31.13 ± 3.25, 34.00 ± 3.32, 13.32 ± 1.61, 39.70 ± 2.26 and 30.36 ± 2.15 in the same order, while the reference values were 61.64-104.6 for MCV, 24.63-37.63 for MCH, 27.36–40.64 for MCHC, 10.10–16.54 for RDW (CV), 35.18–44.22 for RDW (SD) and 26.06-34.66 for ESR. Gender had no effect on MCV (p=0.3007) and MCHC (p=0.1436) but significant effect on MCH (p=0.030), RDWCV (p<0.001), RDW-SD (p=0.0005) and ESR (p=0.036) with a perfect positive correlation (r=1) between all the studied parameters.