Cord Blood Banking Services in Nigeria; the Earlier the Better
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Cord Blood Banking Services in Nigeria; the Earlier the Better
Musa Abidemi MUHIBI; PhD, FWAPCMLS, FMLSCN; Professor of Haematology and Uchejeso Mark OBETA; M Sc, MPA, AMLSCN; Assistant Director, Medical Laboratory Services
‘Haematology and Blood Transfusion Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Edo State University, Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria.
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Volume 1, Issue 2&3: page 180-182 | 2022. ARTICLE ID: 2022–AJLHTS–0018 www.hbtssn.org/ajlhts ISSN (Print):2814-0591; (Online): 2814-0605
African Journal of Laboratory Haematology and Transfusion Science
2Federal School of Medical Laboratory Science, Jos, Nigeria.
Corresponding
Author: Musa Abidemi Muhibi,
com
180
muhibudeen@yahoo.
Received: June 6,
2022
Accepted: August 30,
2022
Published: September
30, 2022
for the purposes
Dear Editor, Blood banking services has existed in Nigeria for ages of transfusion services. Though, there are successes achieved with the blood transfusion services, one of the major challenges is that the whole blood or blood components used cannot serve as sources of stem cells, whereas cord blood can. The unavailability of cord blood banks to provide such services creates a huge gap in the medical services thereby creating opportunities for medical tourism and capital flight.
Inherited Haemoglobin and blood disorders abound in Nigeria and have caused numerous and repeated blood transfusions among the patients. In medical care, Nigeria for example, inherited haemoglobin variant disorders include but not limited to HbS and HbC variant haemoglobin molecules as seen in Sickle cell diseases; beta thalasemias; compound beta and HbE thalasemias; and some form of non deletional alpha thalasemias. Affected individuals who are always supported by multiple regular blood transfusion may have some relief with availability of cord blood (1).
Cord blood from umbilical cord that is collected after delivery can be used as an alternative to bone marrow when transfused to haemoglobinopathy and other diseases sufferers for restoring immunological dysfunctions and for other transplantations. The cord blood stem cells, with available record, has shown that over 80 diseases. can be cured after over 50,000 transplants that were successfully done across the globe (2).
There is no doubt that haematology related diseases across the globe are equally present in Nigeria. Such diseases which can be classified into: Cancers Acute lymphocytic leukemia, Acute myelogenous leukemia, Chronic myelogenous leukemia, Myelodysplastic syndrome, Neuroblastoma, Hodgkin’s disease,
Afr J Lab Haem Trans Sci 2022, 1(2): 180 – 182
Muhibi & Obeta / Cord Blood Banking Services in Nigeria
Non–Hodgkin‘s lymphoma, and Burkitt‘s lymphoma– and Blood disorders – Sickle–cell anaemia, Fanconi‘s anaemia, Thalassemia, Evan‘s syndrome, congenital cytopenia, Aplastic anaemia, Diamond–Blackfan ana e mia, and Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia– abound in Nigeria. Others are congenital metabolic disorders – Adrenoleukodystrophy, Gunther‘s disease, Gaucher‘s disease, Hurler‘s syndrome, Hunter‘s syndrome, Krabbe‘s disease, Sanfilippo‘s syndrome, and Tay–Sachs‘ disease; and finally Immunodeficiencies – Adenosine deaminase deficiency, Wiskott Aldrich‘s syndrome, Duncan‘s disease, Ataxia–telangiectasia, DiGeorge‘s syndrome, Myelokathexis, Hypogammaglobulinemia and Severe Combined immunodeficiency. These diseases have been shown to have been treated with stem cells of cord blood origin (2). Haemoglobinopathies, especially sickle cell disease (SCD), is common in West Africa, Nigeria inclusive. The SCD traits have a prevalence rate of 25% and up to 30,000 children are born yearly with SCD (3).
Cord blood storage and supply should be encouraged in Nigeria, as it would be of great importance for both autologous for infants and allogeneic for others in need of the stem cells. Not minding the small quantity of blood involved and possible transmission of rare genetic disease with cord blood, it is better than bone marrow because of ease of collection, reduced samples rejection, processing time and risk of infection transmission.
Basically, the practice in Nigeria across the regions and tribes is discarding of umbilical cords by burial after delivery. This is out right wastage of good source of Haemopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) including CD34and CD‘s haematopoietic progenitor cells that could save lives more than expected. There is an urgent need to raise awareness to the public especially the reproductive ages on the need for saving the life saving products gotten from umbilical cords especially now that Muhibi et al. have discovered a safe alternative in resource–poor setting to store stem cells in a cryoprotective agents like glycerine at –20°C for up to 6 months (4). This reveals that cord blood banking is possible in Nigeria.
The effort of the National Blood Service Commission shall be incomplete without interest in Cord Blood Banking (CBB). All hands of various medical professionals, agencies and policy makers should as a matter of urgency be on deck to consider CBB as early as possible through policies and infrastructural development. The earlier the better as CBB would contribute to medical tourism and capital flight reduction and in turn strengthen Nigeria health system through good management of Haemoglobinopathy and other Diseases.
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REFERENCES
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Angastiniotis, M. (2013). Epidemiology of Haemoglobinopathies. In: 3. Ang astiniotis M, Eleftheriou A, Galanello R; Prevention of Thalassaemias and Other Haemoglobin Disorders: Vol.1: Chapter 2; Principles [Internet]. 2nd edition. Thalassaemia International Federation, 24672827. Siva ku maran, N., Rathnayaka, I.R., Shabbir, 4. R., Wimalsinghe, S.S., Sumalimina, J.A., Jayakody, S. & Chandrasekaran, M. (2018). Umbilical Cord Blood Banking and its Therapeutic Uses.
International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology. 5(1), Olayanju, A.O., Nkanga, A.E., Olay anju, A.J., Oluwatayo, B.O., Adesina, O., Enitan, S.S. & Oladele, A.A. (2017). Cord blood banking: the prospects and challenges of implementation in Nigeria. Hematology and Transfusion International Journal, 5(4), 273–278. Muhibi, M.A., Mabayoje, V.O. & Komolafe, J.O. (2019). CD34 positive stem cells recovered from cord blood remain viable after six months of cryoprotective storage process. African
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